Mapaipi esimbi asina musono ari mudura
Simbi pombi haingoshandiswe chete kufambisa mvura neupfu, kuchinjanisa kupisa kwesimba, kugadzira michina yezvikamu nemidziyo, asiwo simbi yehupfumi. Kushandisa pombi yesimbi kugadzira gidhi rekuvaka, mbiru uye mekiniki tsigiro inogona kuderedza huremu, chengetedza simbi ne20 ~ 40%, uye kuona maindasitiri uye mechanized kuvaka. Kugadzira Highway Bridges nemapombi esimbi haingogone chete kuchengetedza simbi uye kurerutsa kuvaka, asi zvakare kuderedza zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekudzivirira yekuvhara uye kuchengetedza mari yekudyara nekugadzirisa. Mapaipi esimbi anogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nekugadzira nzira: isina musono simbi pombi uye welded simbi pombi. Mapaipi esimbi akasungwa anonzi mapombi akakandwa kwenguva pfupi.
1. Seamless simbi pombi inogona kukamurwa kuita inopisa yakakungurutswa isina musono pombi, inotonhora inodhonzwa pombi, chaiyo simbi pombi, inopisa yakawedzera pombi, inotonhora inotenderera pombi uye extruded pombi zvinoenderana nekugadzira nzira.
Seamless simbi pombi inogadzirwa nemhando yepamusoro kabhoni simbi kana alloy simbi, iyo inogona kupatsanurwa kuita inopisa kukunguruka uye kutonhora kukunguruka (kudhirowa).
2.Welded simbi pombi yakakamurwa muchoto welded pombi, yemagetsi welding (resistance welding) pombi uye otomatiki arc welded pombi nekuda kweakasiyana maitirwo. Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushongedza, yakakamurwa kuita yakatwasuka musono welded pombi uye spiral welded pombi. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chekupedzisira, chakakamurwa kuita denderedzwa welded pombi uye yakakosha-yakaumbwa (square, flat, etc.) welded pombi.
Welded simbi pombi inogadzirwa nesimbi yakakungurutswa ndiro yakasungwa nebutt joint kana spiral seam. Panyaya yekugadzira nzira, yakakamurwa kuita welded simbi pombi yepasi-kumanikidza fluid kutapurirana, spiral seam welded simbi pombi, yakananga yakakungurutswa welded simbi pombi, welded simbi pombi, etc. Seamless simbi pombi inogona kushandiswa mvura uye gasi mapaipi. mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Welded pombi anogona kushandiswa mvura pombi, gasi mapaipi, kudziyisa mapaipi, magetsi pombi, etc.
Iyo mechanical property yesimbi indekisi yakakosha yekuve nechokwadi chekupedzisira sevhisi kuita (mechanical property) yesimbi, iyo inoenderana nekemikari inoumbwa uye kupisa kwekupisa kwesimbi. Muyero yesimbi yepombi, zvinoenderana neyakasiyana sevhisi zvinodiwa, iyo tensile zvivakwa (tensile simba, goho simba kana goho poindi, elongation), kuoma uye kuoma indexes, pamwe nepamusoro uye yakaderera tembiricha zvivakwa zvinodiwa nevashandisi zvinotsanangurwa.
Iyo yakanyanya simba (FB) inotakurwa nemuenzaniso panguva yekukakavadzana, yakakamurwa neyepakutanga-chikamu-chikamu nzvimbo (so) yemuenzaniso (σ), Inonzi tensile simba (σ b), muN / mm2 (MPA). Inomiririra kugona kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvesimbi kuramba kukundikana pasi pekukakavadzana.
Kune zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvine chiitiko chegoho, kushushikana kana sampuli inogona kuramba ichirebesa pasina kuwedzera (kuramba ichienderera) kushushikana panguva yekusimba kunonzi goho. Kana kushushikana kukadzikira, mapoinzi epamusoro neakaderera egoho achasiyaniswa. Iyo unit yegoho poindi ndeye n / mm2 (MPA).
Nzvimbo yepamusoro yegoho (σ Su): iyo yakanyanya kudzvinyirira isati yasvika kushushikana kwegoho remuenzaniso kunoderera kwekutanga; Yakaderera goho poindi (σ SL): kushoma kushushikana muchikamu chegoho kana yekutanga pakarepo mhedzisiro isingatariswe.
Iko calculation formula yegoho poindi ndeiyi:
Ikoko: FS -- goho kushushikana (nguva dzose) yemuenzaniso panguva yekunetsana, n (Newton) saka - yepakutanga-chikamu chechikamu chemuenzaniso, mm2.
Muyedzo yekumisikidza, chikamu chehurefu chakawedzerwa nehurefu hwegeji yemuenzaniso mushure mekutyoka kusvika pakureba kwekutanga kunonzi kureba. ne σ Yakaratidzwa mu%. Iyo yekuverenga formula ndeye: σ= (Lh-Lo)/L0*100%
Ikoko: LH -- gauge kureba mushure mekuputsika kwemuenzaniso, mm; L0 -- yepakutanga geji kureba kwemuenzaniso, mm.
Muchiyedzo chekutemesa, chikamu chiri pakati pekudzikisira kwepamusoro-soro kwechikamu chemuchinjiko pane yakaderedzwa dhayamita uye yepakutanga yepakati-chikamu nzvimbo mushure mekuputswa kwemuenzaniso kunonzi kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo. ne ψ Yakaratidzwa mu%. Iyo calculation formula ndeyotevera:
Ikoko: S0 -- yepakutanga muchinjiko-chikamu nzvimbo yemuenzaniso, mm2; S1 -- shoma-muchinjika-chikamu nzvimbo pane yakaderedzwa dhayamita mushure mekutyora kwemuenzaniso, mm2.
Kugona kwesimbi zvinhu kupikisa indentation pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaoma kunonzi kuoma. Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana nzira dzekuedza uye chiyero chekushandisa, kuomarara kunogona kukamurwa kuita Brinell kuomarara, Rockwell kuomarara, Vickers kuomarara, kuoma kwemahombekombe, microhardness uye yakanyanya kupisa kuoma. Brinell, Rockwell uye Vickers kuomarara kunowanzo shandiswa papombi.
Dzvanya bhora resimbi kana simende bhora recarbide rine imwe dhayamita muchikamu chesample neyakatsanangurwa bvunzo simba (f), bvisa simba rekuyedza mushure menguva yakatarwa yekubata, uye uyere iyo indentation dhayamita (L) pane yemuenzaniso wepamusoro. Brinell hardness number ndiyo quotient inowanikwa nekupatsanura simba rekuedza nedenderedzwa repamusoro penzvimbo yekupinza. Inoratidzwa muHBS (bhora resimbi), unit: n / mm2 (MPA).
Ikoko: F - simba rekuyedza rakatsikirirwa pamusoro pesimbi sampuli, N; D -- dhayamita yebhora resimbi yekuyedza, mm; D -- avhareji dhayamita ye indentation, mm.
Kutemerwa kwekuoma kweBrinell kwakaringana uye kwakavimbika, asi kazhinji HBS inongoshanda kumidziyo yesimbi iri pasi pe450N / mm2 (MPA), kwete yesimbi yakaoma kana mahwendefa matete. Brinell kuomarara ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa musimbi pombi zviyero. Indentation dhayamita D inowanzoshandiswa kuratidza kuoma kwezvinhu, izvo zvinonzwisisika uye zviri nyore.
Muenzaniso: 120hbs10 / 1000 / 30: zvinoreva kuti iyo Brinell kuoma kukosha yakayerwa nekushandisa 10mm dhayamita bhora resimbi pasi pekuita kwe1000kgf (9.807kn) test force ye30s ndeye 120N / mm2 (MPA).
